Селективная сорбция ионов серебра из водных растворов поли(N-тиокарбамоил‑ 3-аминопропилсилсесквиоксаном)

Накопление электронного мусора на поверхности земли приводит к загрязнению окружающей среды токсичными ионами металлов, что впоследствии наносит вред всем живым организмам. До сих пор во многих странах применяют гидрометаллургические или ручные методы извлечения ионов серебра из электронных отходов. Данные методы характеризуются неэкологичностью и высокой степенью токсичности, поэтому возникает необходимость внедрения новых экологически безопасных способов выделения ценных компонентов из объектов различного состава.
В настоящей статье предложен безвредный для окружающей среды способ извлечения ионов серебра из многокомпонентных систем с помощью поли(N-тиокарбамоил‑3-аминопропилсилсесквиоксана). Поверхность сорбента исследована методом ИК-Фурье-спектроскопии с применением приставки нарушенного полного внутреннего отражения. По данным элементного анализа, концентрация привитых тиомочевинных групп составляет 1,39 ммоль/г. Установлено, что данный сорбент способен количественно извлекать ионы серебра в диапазоне значений рН от 0 до 6 при концентрации ионов серебра в исходном растворе 1·10–4 моль/дм3, статическая сорбционная емкость по ионам серебра в условиях эксперимента достигает 1,22 ммоль/г. При проведении сорбции в динамическом режиме рассчитано значение динамической емкости до проскока – 0,046 ммоль/г и значение полной динамической емкости по ионам серебра – 0,132 ммоль/г. Наибольшая степень десорбции (71–78 %) достигается при использовании сернокислых растворов с градиентом концентрации тиомочевины.

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