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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эталоны. Стандартные  образцы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Measurement Standards. Reference Materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2687-0886</issn><publisher><publisher-name>D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20915/2077-1177-2026-22-1-64-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DYXYCT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmjournal-581</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Современные методы анализа веществ и материалов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Modern methods of analysis of substances and materials</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка неопределенности измерений работы удара маятниковых копров: сравнительный анализ методов и метрологическая экспертиза ГОСТ 9454–2025</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty for the Absorbed Energy of Pendulum Impact Testing Machines: a Comparative Analysis of Methods and Metrological Examination of GOST 9454–2025</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6122-1734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmachev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Толмачев Владимир Валерьянович – канд. физ.-мат. наук, заведующий отделом метрологии механических и геометрических величин и характеристик</p><p>620075, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Красноармейская, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Tolmachev – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Head of the Department of Metrology of Mechanical and Geometric Quantities and Characteristics</p><p>4 Krasnoarmeyskaya st., Yekaterinburg, 620075</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sertif@uniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ченцова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chentsova</surname><given-names>Iu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ченцова Юлия Сергеевна – ведущий инженер лаборатории менеджмента риска и метрологического обеспечения безопасности технологических систем</p><p>620075, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Красноармейская, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iuliia S. Chentsova – Lead Engineer of the Laboratory for Risk Management and Metrological Safety Assurance of Technological Systems</p><p>4 Krasnoarmeyskaya st., Yekaterinburg, 620075</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Chentsova@uniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УНИИМ – филиал ФГУП «ВНИИМ им.Д.И.Менделеева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>UNIIM — Affiliated Branch of the D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УНИИМ – филиал ФГУП «ВНИИМ им.Д.И.Менделеева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>UNIIM – Affiliated Branch of the D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Толмачев В.В., Ченцова Ю.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Толмачев В.В., Ченцова Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tolmachev V.V., Chentsova I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/581">https://www.rmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/581</self-uri><abstract><p>Пересмотр стандартов на методы определения механических свойств металлов выявил острую необходимость стандартизации подходов к оценке неопределенности, обеспечивающих метрологическую прослеживаемость к государственным первичным эталонам.</p><p>Цель работы — систематизация методов оценки неопределенности измерений работы удара и выявление доминирующих факторов, влияющих на точность.</p><p>На основе классической концепции, описанной в ГОСТ 34100.3–2017 (ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008) «Неопределенность измерения. Часть 3. Руководство по выражению неопределенности измерения», проведены математический и практический анализ и сравнение трех подходов.</p><p>Установлено: метод для копров, соответствующих ГОСТ 10708–82 «Копры маятниковые», — наиболее простой; метод калибровки по ISO 148-2:2016 «Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test Part 2: Verification of testing machines» — наиболее прецизионный. Показано, что применение стандартных образцов утвержденного типа, в отличие от других методов, обеспечивает прослеживаемость к опорному значению и автоматически учитывает вклады от износа ножа и опор. В ходе исследования выявлены метрологические противоречия в новой версии ГОСТ 9454–2025 «Металлы. Метод испытания на ударный изгиб при пониженных, комнатной и повышенных температурах»: доказано, что предложенные в нем алгоритмы исключают потерю энергии на качание и потенциальную энергию маятника, что приводит к опасному занижению оценки неопределенности.</p><p>Вычисленные бюджеты неопределенности показали, что на практике доминирующими источниками являются разрешение шкалы и несовпадение центров удара. Полученные алгоритмы планируется включить в проект межгосударственного стандарта на поверку маятниковых копров и использовать при разработке новых стандартных образцов утвержденного типа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The revision of standards for methods of determining the mechanical properties of metals has revealed an urgent need for the standardization of approaches to uncertainty evaluation that ensure metrological traceability to state primary standards.</p><p>The aim of this work is to systematize the methods for evaluating the measurement uncertainty of аbsorbed energy and to identify the dominant factors affecting accuracy.</p><p>Based on the classical concept described in GOST 34100.3–2017 (ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008) “Uncertainty of measurement. Part 3. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement”, a mathematical and practical comparative analysis of three approaches was carried out.</p><p>It has been established that the method for impact testing machines compliant with GOST 10708–82 “Pendulum impact testing machines” is the simplest; the calibration method according to ISO 148-2:2016 “Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 2: Verification of testing machines” is the most accurate. It is shown that the use of certified reference materials, unlike other methods, ensures traceability to a reference value and automatically accounts for contributions from striking edge and support wear. During the study, metrological contradictions were identified in the new version of GOST 9454–2025 “Metals. Method fortesting the impact strength at low, room and high temperature”: it has been proven that the algorithms proposed exclude friction loss and the initial potential energy of the pendulum, which leads to a dangerous underestimation of the uncertainty evaluation.</p><p>The calculated uncertainty budgets showed that, in practice, the dominant sources are scale resolution and misalignment of the centers of percussion. The obtained algorithms are planned to be included in the draft national standard for the verification of pendulum impact testing machines and to be used in the development of new certified reference materials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ударный изгиб</kwd><kwd>испытания на ударный изгиб</kwd><kwd>оценивание неопределенности</kwd><kwd>оценка неопределенности</kwd><kwd>работа удара</kwd><kwd>механические свойства металлов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pendulum impact test</kwd><kwd>uncertainty evaluation</kwd><kwd>uncertainty value</kwd><kwd>absorbed energy</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties of metals</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NIST recommended practice guide: computing uncertainty for Charpy Impact machine test results / J. D. Splett [et al.]. Washington : U. S. 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