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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эталоны. Стандартные  образцы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Measurement Standards. Reference Materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2687-0886</issn><publisher><publisher-name>D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20915/2077-1177-2023-19-3-45-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmjournal-402</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Стандартные образцы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reference materials</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стандартные образцы качественных свойств биологических субстанций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reference Materials for Nominal Properties  of Biological Substances</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-5872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Валерия Витальевна – лаборан; студент</p><p>Researcher ID: HJY-3009–2023</p><p>119361, г. Москва, ул. Озерная, 46</p><p>USA, 5241 N. Maple Ave. Fresno, CA 93740</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria V. Morozova – Laboratory Assistant; student </p><p>Researcher ID: HJY-3009–2023</p><p>46 Ozernaya str., Moscow, 119361</p><p>USA, 5241 N. Maple Ave. Fresno, CA 93740</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lerapuri@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-4569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулябина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulyabina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулябина Елена Валериевна –  канд. техн. наук, начальник  лаборатории </p><p>Researcher ID: C-5857–2019</p><p>119361, г. Москва, ул. Озерная, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Kulyabina –  Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Laboratory for Metrological Assurance of Biological and Information Technologies</p><p>Researcher ID C-5857–2019</p><p>46 Ozernaya str., Moscow, 119361</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuliabina@vniims.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Виталий Юрьевич – менеджер проектов </p><p>606400, Нижегородская область, г. Балахна, ул. Горького, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly Yu. Morozov –  Project Manager</p><p>1 Gorky str., Balakhna, Nizhny Novgorod region, 606400</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitmor50@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3923-5571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулябина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulyabina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулябина Татьяна Валериевна –  канд. физ.-мат. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>119361, г. Москва, ул. Озерная, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Kulyabina –  Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math. Sci.), Leading Researcher</p><p>46 Ozernaya str., Moscow, 119361</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.kulyabina@vniims.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологической службы»; California State University<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Metrological Service; California State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологической службы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Metrological Service<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">АО «Волга»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">JSC «Volga»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Морозова В.В., Кулябина Е.В., Морозов В.Ю., Кулябина Т.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Морозова В.В., Кулябина Е.В., Морозов В.Ю., Кулябина Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morozova V.V., Kulyabina E.V., Morozov V.Y., Kulyabina T.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/402">https://www.rmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/402</self-uri><abstract><p>Метрологическая прослеживаемость результатов исследований качественных свойств биологических субстанций является на сегодняшний день нерешенной задачей. В первую очередь, это связано с отсутствием ГСО качественных свойств, отсутствием требований и практик применения в области метрологии инструментов, обеспечивающих прослеживаемость результатов исследований качественных свойств, каковыми являются и последовательность нуклеотидов нуклеиновых кислот, ДНК, РНК, и цвет мочи, и буквенные коды.</p><p>В ходе проведенного исследования обоснована актуальность разработки теории, требований и практики применения в российской метрологии инструментов обеспечения прослеживаемости результатов исследований качественных свойств. Приведены различия между процессом измерений и процессом исследований качественных свойств. Предложен проект цепи метрологической прослеживаемости результата исследований качественных свойств к международному протоколу гармонизации с учетом того факта, что первичных эталонов качественных свойств не существует, так же как и не существует первичных референтных методик измерений качественных свойств. Приведены методы установления аттестованных характеристик стандартных образцов фрагмента митохондриальной ДНК человека и инактивированного штамма «ГК2020/1» коронавируса SARS-CoV-2, в том числе дополнительных характеристик качественного свойства «последовательность нуклеотидов нуклеиновых кислот». Таким образом, установлено, что неопределенность качественных свойств может быть выражена как вероятность или уровень доверия. Стандартные образцы качественных свойств представляют большой интерес в качестве средств метрологического обеспечения достоверности идентификации качественных свойств биологических субстанций, к которым в том числе относится последовательность нуклеотидов ДНК (гены) человека.</p><p>Основная значимость исследования состоит в создании предпосылок к применению приведенных в работе выводов для создания новой ветви метрологии, которая будет относится к созданию методов и средств обеспечения достоверных результатов определений качественных свойств веществ и материалов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Metrological traceability of the research results of the nominal properties of biological substances is currently an unsolved problem. This is primarily due to the absence of CRMs for nominal properties, the lack of requirements and practices in the field of metrology for tools that ensure the traceability of the research results of nominal properties, such as the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, and the color of urine, and letter codes.</p><p>In the course of the research, the relevance of the development of the theory, requirements, and practice of using tools in Russian metrology to ensure the traceability of the research results of nominal properties is substantiated. Differences between the process of measurements and studies of nominal properties are given. A project of a metrological traceability chain of the research results of nominal properties to the international harmonization protocol is proposed, taking into account the fact that there are no primary standards of nominal properties, and there are no primary reference methods for measuring nominal properties. Methods for establishing the certified characteristics of reference materials of a fragment of human mitochondrial DNA and the inactivated strain «GK2020/1» of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, including additional characteristics of the nominal property «nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids», are presented. Thus, it has been established that the uncertainty of nominal properties can be expressed as a probability or level of confidence. In turn, reference materials of nominal properties are of high interest as a means of metrological assurance of the reliability of identification of the nominal properties of biological substances, which include the DNA nucleotide sequence (genes) of a human being. The main significance of the research is to create prerequisites for the application of the findings given in the work to create a new branch of metrology, which will be related to the creation of methods and means to ensure reliable results for determining the nominal properties of substances and materials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>качественные свойства</kwd><kwd>стандартные образцы качественных свойств</kwd><kwd>метрологическая просле живаемость качественных свойств</kwd><kwd>JCTLM</kwd><kwd>критерии оценки качества стандартных образцов качественных свойств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nominal properties</kwd><kwd>reference materials for nominal properties</kwd><kwd>metrological traceability of nominal properties</kwd><kwd>JCTLM</kwd><kwd>criteria for assessing the quality of reference materials for nominal properties</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы выражают благодарность д-ру техн. наук, профессору Исаеву Льву Константиновичу за его бесценные советы относительно рассматриваемой темы; д-ру техн. наук Булыгину Федору Владиленовичу за активное участие в формировании научно-обоснованной позиции авторов; ведущему инженеру ФГБУ «ВНИИМС» Мелковой Ольге Николаевне; руководителю референсного центра по коронавирусной инфекции и лаборатории механизмов популяционной изменчивости патогенных микроорганизмов ФГБУ «НИЦЭМ им. Н. Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России, канд. биол. наук Гущину Владимиру Алексеевичу; заведующему лабораторией трансляционной биомедицины ФГБУ «НИЦЭМ им. Н. Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава  России, канд. биол. наук Ткачуку Артему Петровичу; а также ведущему сотруднику ФГБНУ «ВНИРО» Волкову Александру Анатольевичу и руководителю департамента мониторинга среды обитания, водных биоресурсов и продуктов их переработки ФГБНУ «ВНИРО» Фоминой Светлане Юрьевне, без которых данная работа не могла бы быть выполнена. Это исследование не получало финансовой поддержки в виде гранта от какой-либо организации государственного, коммерческого или некоммерческого сектора.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The authors express their gratitude to Lev K. Isaev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, for his invaluable advice on the topic under consideration; Fedor V. Bulygin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), for active participation in the formation of scientifically grounded position of the authors; Olga N. Melkova, Leading Engineer, All-Russian Scientific  Research Institute of Metrological Service; Vladimir  A. Gushchin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Reference Center for Coronavirus Infection and the Laboratory of Mechanisms of Population Variability of Pathogenic Microorganisms, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Artem P. Tkachuk, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of  Translational Biomedicine, National Research Center for  Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary  Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Alexander A. Volkov, Leading Researcher, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography; and Svetlana Yu. Fomina, Head of the Department of Habitat Monitoring, Aquatic Biological Resources and Products of Their Processing, Research  Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, without whom this work could not have been completed.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome / International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium // Nature. 2004. Vol. 431, № 7011. P. 931–945. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome / International Human Genome Sequencing. 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