<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эталоны. Стандартные  образцы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Measurement Standards. Reference Materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2687-0886</issn><publisher><publisher-name>D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20915/2077-1177-2021-17-2-59-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmjournal-301</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эталоны</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Standards</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эталоны-копии единицы массы: калибровка 2020 года с применением вакуумного компаратора  CCL 1007</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reference standards-copies of mass unit: calibration 2020 using vacuum comparator CCL 1007</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каменских</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamenskikh</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Игоревич Каменских – руководитель сектора государственных эталонов в области измерений массы ФГУП «ВНИИМ им. Д. И. Менделеева»</p><p>190005, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр., 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii I. Kamenskikh – Head of group, Mass Laboratory, I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM)</p><p>19 Moskovsky ave., St. Petersburg, 190005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Y.I.Kamenskih@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снегов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snegov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Савельевич Снегов – канд. техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник сектора государственных эталонов в области измерений массы ФГУП «ВНИИМ им. Д. И. Менделеева»</p><p>190005, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр., 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor S. Snegov – Leading Researcher, Mass Laboratory, I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM)</p><p>19 Moskovsky ave., St. Petersburg, 190005,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">V.S.Snegov@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУП «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии им. Д. И. Менделеева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каменских Ю.И., Снегов В.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каменских Ю.И., Снегов В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kamenskikh Y.I., Snegov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/301">https://www.rmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/301</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются результаты калибровки эталонов-копий по Государственному первичному эталону единицы массы – килограмм ГЭТ 3–2020 с применением нового вакуумного компаратора CCL 1007 и артефактов плавучести. Авторы привели исторические данные калибровок копий Международного прототипа килограмма начиная с 1892 г., в т. ч. российский прототип № 12. Значения нестабильности прототипа килограмма № 12 соответствуют международным значениям и оценивается как 5 · 10–11 кг за год. Изменения массы копий оцениваются относительно массы Международного прототипа килограмма, а насколько изменился он сам – сказать принципиально невозможно, что стало причиной перехода на новое определение килограмма. После принятия на 26-м заседании Генеральной конференции по мерам и весам, состоявшейся в Париже в ноябре 2018 г., постоянная Планка была численно зафиксирована с абсолютной точностью, а массе Международного прототипа килограмма приписана суммарная неопределенность 1 · 10–8 кг. Отсюда авторами поставлена задача сохранить численное значение суммарной неопределенности эталонов-копий за счет снижения в 10 раз погрешности передачи от ГЭТ 3–2020. В статье приведены результаты калибровки шести эталонов-копий по отношению к прототипу № 12 с обработкой первичных данных по методу наименьших квадратов и представлен бюджет неопределенности измерений. Результаты калибровки эталонов-копий подтвердили повышение точности передачи единицы в 10 раз – с 6 · 10–9 кг до 6 · 10–10 кг – за счет применения вакуумного компаратора с ценой деления 0,1 мкг и артефактов плавучести и сорбции при прямых измерениях плотности воздуха. Это позволило скомпенсировать дополнительную неопределенность, приписанную МПК на основе фиксации числового значения постоянной Планка, и тем самым обеспечить поверку гирь всех классов точности с сохранением всей сложившейся иерархической системы передачи единицы массы в стране.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the calibration results of reference standards-copies according to the State Primary Standard of the Mass Unit using the new CCL 1007 vacuum comparator and buoyancy artifacts. The authors provided historical data on the calibrations of copies of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) starting from 1892, including the Russian prototype № 12. The instability of the prototype of the kilogram No. 12 corresponds to international values and is assessed at 5 · 10–11 kg per year. Changes in the mass of copies are assessed in relation to the mass of the IPK, but it is impossible to determine to what extent it has changed. This was the reason for the adoption of a new value of the kilogram. Following the adoption at the 26th meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) held in Paris in November 2018, Planck constant was numerically established with absolute accuracy, and total uncer tainty of 1 · 10–8 kg was assigned to the mass of the IPK. Thus, the authors set the aim to preserve the numerical value of the total uncertainty of the reference standards-copies by reducing the transfer error of the State Primary Standard by 10 times. The article presents the calibration results of six reference standards-copies in relation to prototype No. 12 with the primary data processing using the method of least squares, and the uncertainty budget is provided. The calibration results of the reference standards-copies confirmed the accuracy increase of the transfer unit by 10 times in the range from 6 · 10–9 kg to 6 · 10–10 kg by the use of a vacuum comparator graduated 0.1 μg and buoyancy and sorption artifacts in direct measurements of air density. This has made it possible to compensate for the additional uncertainty attributed to the IPK based on the determination of the Planck constant value and to ensure the mass calibration of all accuracy grades preserving the entire hierarchical system of transferring the mass unit in the country.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственный первичный эталон</kwd><kwd>эталон-копия</kwd><kwd>единица массы</kwd><kwd>килограмм</kwd><kwd>вакуумный  компаратор</kwd><kwd>артефакты плавучести и сорбции</kwd><kwd>методика измерения плотности воздуха прямым методом</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kochsiek M., Gläser M. Comprehensive Mass metrology // Measurement Science and Technology. 2000. Vol. 11. Iss. 7. P. 1088. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957–0233/11/7/704</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochsiek M., Gläser M. Comprehensive Mass metrology. Measurement Science and Technology. 2000;11(7):1088. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957–0233/11/7/704</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Завельский Ф. С. Масса и ее измерения. М.: Атомиздат, 1974. 238 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zavelsky F. S. Massa and its measurements. Moscow: Atomizdat; 1974, 238 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovalevsky J., Quinn T. J. The international system of units (SI) // Comptes rendus physique. 2004. Vol. 5, iss. 8. P. 799–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2004.07.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalevsky J., Quinn T. J. The international system of units (SI). Comptes rendus physique. 2004;5(8):799–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2004.07.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова Н. А. Эталоны единицы массы и точное взвешивание. Обзорная информация. М.: Изд-во стандартов, 1980. Вып. 2. 60 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova N. A. Standards of the unit of mass and exact weighing. Survey information. Moscow: Publishing house of standards; 1980. Iss. 2. 60 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Снегов В. В. Государственный эталон единицы массы ГЭТ 3–2008 // Мир измерений. 2010. № 9. С. 42–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snegov V. V. State standard of mass unit GET 3–2008. World of measurements. 2010;9:42–47. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carre P., Davis R. Note on weighings carried out on the NBS-2 balance // Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 1985. Vol. 90. Iss. 5. P. 331–339. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.090.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carre P., Davis R. Note on weighings carried out on the NBS-2 balance. Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 1985;90(5):331–339. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.090.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Girard G. The third periodic verification of national prototypes of the kilogram (1988–1992) // Metrologia. 1994. Vol. 31. P. 317–336.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Girard G. The third periodic verification of national prototypes of the kilogram (1988–1992). Metrologia. 1994;(31):317–336.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ OIML R111-1-2009 ГСИ. Гири классов E1, E2, F1, F2, M1, M1–2, M2, M2–3 и M3. Часть 1. Метрологические и технические требования. М.: Стандартинформ, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GOST OIML R111-1-2009 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Weights of classes E1, E2, F1, F2, M1, M1–2, M2, M2–3 и M3. Part 1. Metrological and technical requirements. Moscow: Standardinform; 2012. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каменских Ю. И., Снегов В. В. Сличения эталонов-копий с Государственным первичным эталоном единицы массы ГЭТ 3–2008 // Мир измерений. 2012. № 1. С. 8–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamenskikh Yu. I., Snegov V. V. Comparisons of copy standards with the State primary standard of mass unit GET 3–2008. World of measurements. 2012;(1):8–11. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Викторов И. В., Каменских Ю. И., Снегов В. С. Сличения эталонов-копий с Государственным первичным эталоном единицы массы в 2014–2015 гг. // Измерительная техника. 2016. № 10. С. 68–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snegov V. S., Kamenskikh Y. I., Viktorov I. V. Comparison of duplicate standards with the national primary standard for the unit of mass in 2014–2015. Measurement techniques. 2016;(10):68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-017-1103-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubarych Z. J., Abbott P. J. The dissemination of mass in the United States: results and implications of recent BIPM calibrations of US National Prototype Kilograms // Journal of research of the national institute of standards and technology. 2014. Vol. 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.119.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubarych Z. J., Abbott P. J. The dissemination of mass in the United States: results and implications of recent BIPM calibrations of US National Prototype Kilograms. Journal of research of the national institute of standards and technology. 2014;119. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.119.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">On the Revision of the International System of Units (SI). Resolution 1 (CGPM 26th Meeting, Versailles, November 13–16, 2018) // Measurement Techniques. 2019. Vol. 62. P. 472–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11018-019-01648-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">On the Revision of the International System of Units (SI). Resolution 1 (CGPM 26th Meeting, Versailles, November 13–16, 2018). Measurement Techniques. 2019;62(5).472–473 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11018-019-01648-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwitz W., Jeckelmann B., Richard P. Towards a new kilogram definition based on a fundamental constant // Comptes rendus physique. 2004. Vol. 5. Iss. 8. P. 881–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2004.05.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwitz W., Jeckelmann B., Richard P. Towards a new kilogram definition based on a fundamental constant. Comptes rendus physique. 2004;5(8):881–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2004.05.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BIPM. Международная система единиц (SI). 9-е изд. URL: https://www.vniim.ru/files/SI-2019.pdf (дата обращения: 01.04.2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BIPM. International System of Units (SI). Aviable at: https://www.vniim.ru/files/SI-2019.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stock M. The watt balance: Determination of the Planck constant and redefinition of the kilogram // Philosophical transactions of the royal society a mathematical, physical and engineering sciences. 28 October 2011. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0184</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stock M. The watt balance: Determination of the Planck constant and redefinition of the kilogram. Philosophical transactions of the royal society a mathematical, physical and engineering sciences. 28 October 2011. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0184</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson I. A., Schlamminger S. The watt or Kibble balance: a technique for implementing the new SI definition of the unit of mass // Metrologia. 2016. Vol. 53. No. 5. A46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson I. A., Schlamminger S. The watt or Kibble balance: a technique for implementing the new SI definition of the unit of mass. Metrologia. 2016;53(5): A46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kibble B. P., Robinson I. A. Principles of a new generation of simplified and accurate watt balances // Metrologia. 2014. Vol. 51. No. 2. S132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kibble B. P., Robinson I. A. Principles of a new generation of simplified and accurate watt balances. Metrologia. 2014;51(2): S132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davidson S. Determination of the effect of transfer between vacuum and air on massstandards of platinum–iridium and stainless steel // Metrologia. 2010. Vol. 47. P. 487–497. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026–1394/47/4/015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson S. Determination of the effect of transfer between vacuum and air on mass standards of platinum–iridium and stainless steel. Metrologia. 2010;47:487–497. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026–1394/47/4/015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Снегов В. С., Каменских Ю. И., Сафонов А. В. О циклах взвешивания массы на компараторах // Автоматизация, телемеханизация и связь в нефтяной промышленности. 2018. № 7. С. 9–12. https://doi.org/10.30713/0132-2222-2018-7-9-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snegov V. S., Safonov A. V., Kamenskikh Yu. I. The cycles of weighing on mass comparators. Automation, telemechanization and communication in oil industry. 2018;(7):9–12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30713/0132-2222-2018-7-9-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 34100.3–2017/ISO/IEC Guide 98–3:2008 Неопределенность измерения. Часть 3. Руководство по выражению неопределенности измерения. М.: Стандартинформ, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GOST 34100.3–2017/ISO/IEC Guide 98–3:2008 Uncertainty of measurement. Part 3. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Moscow: Standardinform; 2018. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
