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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rmjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Эталоны. Стандартные  образцы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Measurement Standards. Reference Materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2687-0886</issn><publisher><publisher-name>D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rmjournal-15</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научно-методические подходы и концепции</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES, CONCEPTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка соответствия методами Монте-Карло</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Conformity assessment using Monte Carlo methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Jos</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jos</surname><given-names>G.M. Van</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Jos.vandergrinten@nmieuroloop.nl</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Alex</surname><given-names>M. Van</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alex</surname><given-names>M. Van</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">door@xs4all.nl</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Jos G.M., Alex M.v., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Jos G.M., Alex M.v.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jos G.v., Alex M.v.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/15">https://www.rmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/15</self-uri><abstract><p>Оценка соответствия - это деятельность, в ходе которой определяется выполнение конкретных требований, относящихся к продукту, процессу, системе, лицу или организации. Часто оценка соответствия проводится для того, чтобы показать, что значение измеряемой величины находится в пределах (узаконенных) допустимых отклонений. В настоящее время существуют методы, позволяющие проверить соответствие допустимых отклонений заданному доверительному уровню, например 95 %. Такое испытание требует наличия суммарной неопределенности измерения и знания статистического распределения измеряемой величины. При отсутствии более точной информации предполагается, что это распределение Гаусса. Новым в этой статье является демонстрация возможности применения методов Монте-Карло для непосредственного выполнения оценки соответствия. По новой схеме Монте-Карло образуется распределение кумулятивных вероятностей, позволяющее напрямую сравнивать (узаконенные) допустимые отклонения. Преимущество этого метода состоит в том, что нет необходимости знать тип распределения и (в худшем случае) можно избежать допущения о распределении Гаусса. Поэтому для метода Монте-Карло различие между допустимыми отклонениями и критериями допустимости немного меньше, чем для аналитических методов. Испытание по методу Монте-Карло, применяемое для калибровки газовых счетчиков высокого давления, соответствующее максимально допустимым погрешностям Европейской директивы «Измерительные приборы» (MID), демонстрирует возможность применения этого метода на практике</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Conformity assessment is the activity to determine whether specified requirements relating to a product, process, system, person or body are fulfilled. Often measurements are used to show that the measurand is within (legal) tolerances. Currently analytical methods are available to test whether tolerances are met with a preset level of confidence, e.g. 95%. The test requires the availability of the overall measurement uncertainty and the statistical distribution of the measurand. In absence of better information this distribution is assumed to be Gaussian. The new point in this paper is that Monte Carlo methods can be applied directly to perform the conformity assessment. The reason is that the Monte Carlo process generates the cumulative distribution, whereby the (legal) tolerances can be compared directly. The advantage of this process is that the type of distribution does not need to be known and the (worst case) assumption of the distribution being Gaussian can be avoided. Consequently, for a Monte Carlo method the difference between tolerances and acceptance criteria is slightly smaller than for analytical methods. A test of the Monte Carlo method applied to a calibration of a high-pressure gasmeter meeting MID tolerances demonstrates the applicability of the method in practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метод Монте-Карло</kwd><kwd>оценка соответствия</kwd><kwd>распределение Гаусса</kwd><kwd>калибровка</kwd><kwd>погрешность</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">JCGM 100 (2008): Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement; BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ ISO/IUPAC/IUPAP/OIML (Published by the OIML as OIML G 1-100:2008).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">JCGM 100 (2008): Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement; BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ ISO/IUPAC/IUPAP/OIML (Published by the OIML as OIML G 1-100:2008).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">JCGM 101 (2008): Evaluation of measurement data - Supplement 1 to the "Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement" -Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method, Guide JCGM 101 (Published by the OIML as OIML G 1-101:2008).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">JCGM 101 (2008): Evaluation of measurement data - Supplement 1 to the "Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement" -Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method, Guide JCGM 101 (Published by the OIML as OIML G 1-101:2008).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Grinten, J.G.M. 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